Remote Sensing Data Binary Classification Using Boosting with Simple Classifiers     

Artur Nowakowski 《Acta Geophysica》2015,63(5):1447-1462

Boosting is a classification method which has been proven useful in non-satellite image processing while it is still new to satellite remote sensing. It is a meta-algorithm, which builds a strong classifier from many weak ones in iterative way. We adapt the AdaBoost.M1 boosting algorithm in a new land cover classification scenario based on utilization of very simple threshold classifiers employing spectral and contextual information. Thresholds for the classifiers are automatically calculated adaptively to data statistics.The proposed method is employed for the exemplary problem of artificial area identification. Classification of IKONOS multispectral data results in short computational time and overall accuracy of 94.4% comparing to 94.0% obtained by using AdaBoost.M1 with trees and 93.8% achieved using Random Forest. The influence of a manipulation of the final threshold of the strong classifier on classification results is reported.  相似文献   

M-Split Estimation in Laser Scanning Data Modeling     

Artur Janowski  Jacek Rapinski 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(1):15-19

This paper proposes a new approach to 3D modeling on the basis of laser scanner data. It presents the attempt to automatically detect two planes and an edge in one processing algorithm. The algorithm is based on the M _split estimation, which is a recently developed regression method of multi functional models. Plane equations in three dimensional space are derived on the basis of the presented method. M _split estimation divides the functional model of least squares adjustment in particular into two groups. Both simulated and real data from airborne laser scanning is tested to present the results. In each case the mehod gave good results which encourages for further work on the application of this method for 3D modeling.  相似文献   

Meso–Cenozoic cooling and exhumation history of the Orlica‐Śnieżnik Dome (Sudetes,NE Bohemian Massif,Central Europe): Insights from apatite fission‐track thermochronometry     

Artur Sobczyk  Edward R. Sobel  Viktoria Georgieva 《地学学报》2020,32(2):122-133

This study presents the first suite of apatite fission‐track (AFT) ages from the SE part of the Western Sudetes. AFT cooling ages from the Orlica‐?nie?nik Dome and the Upper Nysa K?odzka Graben range from Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) to Early Palaeocene–Middle Eocene (64–45 Ma). The first stage of basin evolution (~100–90 Ma) was marked by the formation of a local extensional depocentre and disruption of the Mesozoic planation surface. Subsequent far‐field convergence of European microplates resulted in Coniacian–Santonian (~89–83 Ma) thrust faulting. AFT data from both metamorphic basement and Mesozoic sedimentary cover indicate homogenous Late Cretaceous burial of the entire Western Sudetes. Thermal history modeling suggests that the onset of cooling could be constrained between 89 and 63 Ma with a climax during the Palaeocene–Middle Eocene basin inversion phase.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic mixing behavior of synthetic Ca-Tschermak–diopside pyroxene solid solutions: III. An analysis of IR line broadening and heat of mixing behavior     

Katja Etzel  Artur Benisek 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(7):399-407

A series of synthetic Ca-Tschermak–diopside (CaAlAlSiO₆–CaMgSi₂O₆) clinopyroxenes were investigated by powder infrared spectroscopy at room temperature in the wavenumber range 80–2,000 cm⁻¹. Measurable local structural heterogeneities in the crystals are suggested by the line broadening parameter, Δcorr that are observed for intermediate solid-solution compositions. The broadening is most pronounced in the high wavenumber region of the IR spectra that contains stretching modes involving the TO₄ polyhedra. The effective line widths for three selected wavenumber regions deviate positively from linear behavior. This is also observed for the enthalpy of mixing of this solid solution. The relationship between “excess Δcorr”, δΔcorr, and heat of mixing, ΔH _mix, behavior was investigated for this clinopyroxene series and for several other binary silicate solid solutions. The ΔH _mix versus δΔcorr slope values show a linear relationship with respect to the integrated excess volume of the various solid solutions.  相似文献   

A proposed new type of arsenian pyrite: Composition, nanostructure and geological significance   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Artur P. Deditius  Udo Becker  Stephen E. Kesler 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(12):2919-2933

This report describes a new form of arsenian pyrite, called As³⁺-pyrite, in which As substitutes for Fe [(Fe,As)S₂], in contrast to the more common form of arsenian pyrite, As¹⁻-pyrite, in which As¹⁻ substitutes for S [Fe(As,S)₂]. As³⁺-pyrite has been observed as colloformic overgrowths on As-free pyrite in a hydrothermal gold deposit at Yanacocha, Peru. XPS analyses of the As³⁺-pyrite confirm that As is present largely as As³⁺. EMPA analyses show that As³⁺-pyrite incorporates up to 3.05 at % of As and 0.53 at. %, 0.1 at. %, 0.27 at. %, 0.22 at. %, 0.08 at. % and 0.04 at. % of Pb, Au, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Co, respectively. Incorporation of As³⁺ in the pyrite could be written like: As³⁺+yAu⁺+1-y(□)⇔2Fe²⁺; where Au⁺ and vacancy (□) help to maintain the excess charge. HRTEM observations reveal a sharp boundary between As-free pyrite and the first overgrowth of As³⁺-pyrite (20-40 nm thick) and co-linear lattice fringes indicating epitaxial growth of As³⁺-pyrite on As-free pyrite. Overgrowths of As³⁺-pyrite onto As-free pyrite can be divided into three groups on the basis of crystal size, 8-20 nm, 100-300 nm and 400-900 nm, and the smaller the crystal size the higher the concentration of toxic arsenic and trace metals. The Yanacocha deposit, in which As³⁺-pyrite was found, formed under relatively oxidizing conditions in which the dominant form of dissolved As in the stability field of pyrite is As³⁺; in contrast, reducing conditions are typical of most environments that host As¹⁻-pyrite. As³⁺-pyrite will likely be found in other oxidizing hydrothermal and diagenetic environments, including high-sulfidation epithermal deposits and shallow groundwater systems, where probably kinetically controlled formation of nanoscale crystals such as observed here would be a major control on incorporation and release of As³⁺ and toxic heavy metals in oxidizing natural systems.  相似文献   

III. Tektonik Die saxonische Tektonik im Bilde Europas     

Hans Stille  Franz Lotze  Gerhard Richter  A. Kraiß  Otto Heermann  Artur Roll  Fritz Forche 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1948,35(2):172-175

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Activity-composition relationship in Tschermak's substituted Fe biotites at 700°C, 2 kbar     

Artur Benisek  E. Dachs  Günther Redhammer  Gerold Tippelt  Georg Amthauer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,125(1):85-99

The reaction-displacement technique was applied to the end-member reaction annite = sanidine + magnetite + H₂ in order to determine the activity of the annite component (a _Ann) in iron biotites with variable degrees of the Tschermak's substitution (^[6]Fe + ^[4]Si = ^[6]Al + ^[4]Al). Based on the simplified relation a _Ann = f _{H 2}/foH₂ (foH₂ = hydrogen fugacity of the end-member reaction at P, T), two types of experiments were performed at 700°C / 2 kbar: Type I used Fe-Al biotites of known starting composition together with sanidine + magnetite + H₂O. This assemblage was exposed to various f _{H 2} conditions (f _{H 2} < foH₂) produced in the pressure vessel either by using different ratios of water/oil as pressure medium (f _{H 2} in this case was measured by the hydrogen sensor technique), or by the Ni′NiO buffer. The composition of the Fe-Al biotites changed through incorporation or release of the annite component in response to the externally imposed f _{H 2}. By using opposite biotite starting compositions, the equilibrium composition as a function of f _H2 was bracketed. For type II, f _{H 2} in equilibrium with a specific combination of fine-grained Fe-Al biotite (+ sanidine + magnetite + H₂O) was measured internally by application of the hydrogen sensor technique. Both type I and type II experiments yield consistent results demonstrating that a fine-grained assemblage of Fe-Al biotite (+ sanidine + magnetite + H₂O) is able to act as a sliding-scale buffer. The final chemical composition of the Fe-Al biotite after the experiments was determined by electron microprobe and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The ^[4]Al and ^[6]Al in the biotites are coupled according to the Tschermak's substitution. In the tetrahedral sheet 0.1 Al-atoms per formula unit are present in excess to the amount required to balance ^[6]Al, and all Fe-Al biotites contain 8–10% Fe³⁺. Therefore, they are not members of the pure annite - siderophyllite join, but have an almost constant amount (15 Mol%) of two additional Fe³⁺-bearing components (ferri-siderophyllite and a vacancy end-member). The volume - composition relationship obtained does not indicate excess molar volumes of mixing for the annite (Ann) - siderophyllite (Sid) binary. The data are consistent with a molar volume of annite of 15.46 ± 0.02 Jbar^–1 and of 15.06 ± 0.02 Jbar^–1 for siderophyllite. The experimentally determined activity - composition relation shows that biotites on the join annite - siderophyllite deviate negatively from ideality. A symmetric interaction parameter W_AnnSid is sufficient to represent the data within error. This was constrained as: W _AnnSid = –29 ± 4 kJmol^–1. This is in contradiction to empirical interaction parameters derived from natural assemblages for this binary that predict positive deviation from ideality. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.  相似文献   

Bankfull discharge in mountain streams: theory and practice     

Artur Radecki‐Pawlik 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(2):115-123

The results are presented of an investigation of bankfull discharge in two Polish Carpathian streams: Skawica and Krzyworzeka. Existing definitions of river bankfull were reviewed and applied in tests carried out on selected cross‐sections of the streams. The Woodyer method was given special attention, with a correspondingly detailed survey of plants characterizing river benches. Riley's bench index method and the methods of Williams, Wolman, Schumm and Brown, and Woloszyn were tested. The report concludes that bankfull discharge value for a mountain stream should not be reported as a single number, but rather as a range of discharges within which one could expect the bankfull value to lie. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Zur geomorphologischen und geologischen Entwicklungsgeschichte der Ostabdachung der Zentralalpen in der Miozänzeit     

Artur Winkler 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1926,17(3):196-217

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Identification of seismic anomalies caused by gas saturation on the basis of theoretical P and PS wavefield in the Carpathian Foredeep,SE Poland     

Kaja Pietsch  Paweł Marzec  Marcin Kobylarski  Tomasz Danek  Andrzej Leśniak  Artur Tatarata  Edward Gruszczyk 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(2):191-208

The thin-layer build of the Carpathian Foredeep Miocene formations and large petrophysical parameter variation cause seismic images of gas-saturated zones to be ambiguous, and the location of prospection wells on the basis of anomalous seismic record is risky. A method that assists reservoir interpretation of standard recorded seismic profiles (P waves) can be a converted wave recording (PS waves). This paper presents the results of application of a multicomponent seismic survey for the reservoir interpretation over the Chałupki Dębniańskie gas deposit, carried out for the first time in Poland by Geofizyka Kraków Ltd. for the Polish Oil and Gas Company. Seismic modeling was applied as the basic research tool, using the SeisMod program based on the finite-difference solution of the acoustic wave equation and equations of motion. Seismogeological models for P waves were developed using Acoustic Logs; S-wave model (records only from part of the well) was developed on the basis of theoretical curves calculated by means of the Estymacja program calibrated with average S-velocities, calculated by correlation of recorded P and PS wavefields with 1D modeling. The conformity between theoretical and recorded wavefields makes it possible to apply the criteria established on the basis of modeling for reservoir interpretation. Direct hydrocarbon indicators (bright spots, phase change, time sag) unambiguously identify gas-prone layers within the ChD-2 prospect. A partial range of the indicators observed in the SW part of the studied profile (bright spot that covers a single, anticlinally bent seismic horizon) points to saturation of the horizon. The proposed location is confirmed by criteria determined for converted waves (continuous seismic horizons with constant, high amplitude) despite poorer agreement between theoretical and recorded wavefields.  相似文献